What is a Computer Mouse?
A computer mouse is a hand-held input device used for navigating and interacting with software, making it easier to perform tasks like opening files, browsing the internet, or playing games.
The first computer mouse was developed in the 1960s. Douglas Engelbart, a researcher at the Stanford Research Institute, had a vision of improving computer interaction. In 1964, he developed a simple device he called a “mouse” because of the cord resembling a tail. It featured two wheels underneath to track movement.
The first commercially available computer mouse, the Xerox Star, made for the 8010 Information System was released on April 27, 1981, and retailed for a massive $16,500 USD (around $89,000 AUD with inflation).
The widespread adoption of the computer mouse didn’t happen until 1984 when Apple introduced the Macintosh. This computer was among the first to feature a graphical user interface that was much more intuitive than the traditional text-based systems. Subsequently, Microsoft integrated the mouse into its Windows operating system, further popularising it.
Over time, the computer mouse evolved. In 1991, Logitech released the first wireless mouse, the “Cordless MouseMan”, using radio frequency (RF) to connect the mouse and computer. The first scroll wheel appeared in 1995 but the advance wasn’t noticed or popularised until the 1996 when Microsoft released the first IntelliMouse Explorer.
In 1999 the first widely available Leight Emitting Diode (LED) optical mouse sensor was released by Agilent and adopted by dozens of companies, including Microsoft, Apple, and Logitech. Microsoft released their first optical IntelliMouse Explorer in 1999, with Apple following suit with their first optical offering the next year.
Since 1999, computer mouse development has essentially been iterative upgrades to mouse technology, such as the release of the first laser optical mouse, the Logitech MX1000 In 2004, or upgrades in wireless connection systems.
Types of Computer Mouse
Ambidextrous Mouse: An ambidextrous computer mouse is designed for use with either the right or left hand. It has a symmetrical shape with buttons and features that are mirrored on both sides, making it comfortable and functional for users regardless of their dominant hand.
Ball/Mechanical Mouse: A ball or mechanical mouse is an older type of computer mouse. It has a small ball on its underside that contacts the surface you move it on. As you slide the mouse, the ball rotates, and the mouse’s internal sensors track this movement. This information is then sent to the computer, which moves the cursor on the screen. Mechanical mice are less common today, replaced by optical and laser mice, which are more accurate and don’t rely on moving parts like a rolling ball.
Gaming Mouse: A gaming mouse is a specialised computer mouse designed for gaming. These mice have features like customisable buttons, high sensitivity sensors, and ergonomic designs, aimed at improving gaming performance. They often have adjustable DPI settings for precise aiming and faster response times.
Laser Mouse: A laser mouse is a type of optical computer mouse that uses a laser diode for tracking movement. The laser emits a focused beam of light onto the surface below, and a sensor captures the reflected light. It works by analysing the differences in reflection as the mouse is moved, allowing it to determine how far and in which direction you’re moving the mouse. Laser mice are more accurate and work on a wider range of surfaces compared to older ball mice.
LED (Light Emitting Diode) Mouse: An LED mouse is a type of optical computer mouse that uses a light-emitting diode (LED) to track movement. LED technology is simple and cost effective, making the technology common in most modern computer mice. LED sensors work effectively on flat surfaces and are more precise than ball mice but are less accurate than laser mice.
Magic Mouse: The Magic Mouse is a wireless, multi-touch mouse designed by Apple but also compatible with Windows PCs thanks to drivers. The mouse features sensors on the shell that can track finger movements and gestures on its smooth surface. These gestures can be used to navigate the computer screen, scroll through web pages or documents, and perform various other tasks by tapping, swiping, or pinching on the surface of the mouse.
Trackball Mouse: A trackball mouse is stationary and features a ball that is directly manipulated by the user. As the ball turns, sensors inside the mouse detect the movement and translate it into cursor motion on the screen. Trackball mice are precise and don’t require much in the way of desk space. They are particularly useful in situations where you have limited physical space or need fine control.
Travel Mouse: A travel mouse is a compact, portable computer mouse, with a form factor smaller and more lightweight than regular mice, making them easy to carry in a laptop bag or pocket. Travel mice are typically wireless and use small USB receivers so they can remain plugged into laptops while they are folded and put in a laptop bag.
Vertical Mouse: A vertical mouse is an ergonomic computer mouse designed to be held in a handshake-like position, reducing strain on the wrist and forearm. Vertical mice work just like regular mice but promotes a more natural handshake grip, which can help alleviate discomfort and prevent conditions like carpal tunnel syndrome or repetitive strain injuries.
Anatomy of a Computer Mouse
While individual mice (or mouses – both are correct plurals for computer mouse) may have special features like DPI switches, weight adjustment, programmable buttons or even RGB lighting, all mice feature the following core anatomy.
Shell or Casing: The outer housing that encloses the internal components and provides the mouse’s shape and design. The design of the shell determines how it sits in the hand, the ergonomics and general feel.
Buttons: Usually, there are at least two primary buttons, the left and right buttons, which are used for clicking. Some mice may have additional buttons for various functions. Additional buttons are typically placed under the thumb.
Receiver: Mice connect to the computer via USB, either through a cable (wired) or wirelessly using a receiver. These receivers are typically Bluetooth.
Scroll Wheel: A small wheel between the primary buttons that allows for scrolling up and down in documents or web pages. Many scroll wheels are also clickable, adding the third, ot “middle” button between left and right. Some scroll wheels can also tilt, allowing for horizontal scrolling.
Sensor: The part that tracks the mouse’s movement. In older mechanical mice, it included a rolling ball, but modern mice use optical or laser sensors for accuracy. The sensor detects light reflected from the mousing surface to track movement.
Finding the Right Computer Mouse for You
When looking for the right computer mouse for you, you should consider a number of factors before you fork out any money.
Ergonomics: Look for a design that supports your hand comfortably. Ergonomic mice are shaped to reduce strain on your wrist and forearm. Consider your grip style (palm, claw, or finger) and choose a computer mouse that complements it. Some models are ambidextrous, suitable for both left and right-handed users. Ambidextrous mice can also be good to give the dominant hand a rest if you don’t need great mousing accuracy all the time.
Wired or Wireless: Decide between a wired or wireless mouse. Wired mice are reliable and don’t require battery changes. Wireless mice offer more freedom but need regular recharging or battery replacements.
Sensitivity and DPI: For work tasks like office applications or graphic design, high DPI (dots per inch) sensitivity might not be crucial. You may want to look for a mouse with adjustable DPI settings to match your needs. Many office mice have DPI settings in the range of 1000-1600, which is sufficient for most tasks.
Button Configuration: Consider the number of buttons you may need. Office mice typically have two buttons and a scroll wheel. If you need extra functions, you will likely be better served by a mouse with multiple programmable buttons for shortcuts and macros.
Durability: Look for a durable mouse that can withstand daily use. A well-known brand often ensures better build quality.
Size and Weight: Consider the size and weight of the mouse. A lighter mouse is often preferred for travel, while a slightly heavier one might offer stability and precision during office work.
Price: Set a budget. There are great options in various price ranges.
Reviews and Recommendations: Read online reviews and ask colleagues or friends for recommendations. Real user experiences can provide valuable insight.
